Article topic: Spinal Biomechanics and Basics of Spinal Instrumentation Author: Yasser Banat Scientific editor : Dr.Omar Jbara Linguistic editor: Zain Alsaddi, phillip sweidan   Overview The spinal column is a complex system that holds the spinal cord, nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. It is responsible for the transfer of electrical messages between the upper and lower limbs. This article will review the key concepts of spinal anatomy and physiology, energy transfer, the parameters of spinal alignment and also implant the properties required to plan a surgical procedure.   Spinal Anatomy and Physiology The spinal column consists of three regions: […]