Topic: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Author: Heba Allah Zuhair Huaishan Editor: Abdel Rahman Bani Yassin, Ihda Bani Khalaf Reviewer: Ethar Hazaimeh Key words: JCV, PML, Progressive, multifocal, leukoencephalopathy, double-stranded DNA   Introduction Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and frequently deadly viral infection marked by...

Topic: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Author: Ayah Alatoom Editor: Ghina Mohamad Kaskas, Ihda Bani Khalaf Reviewer: Ethar Hazaimeh Keywords: IIH, papilledema, pseudotumor cerebri, venous sinus stenting, venous sinus stenosis. Overview  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of unknown etiology under the Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS),...

Article Title: Fear and Reward Circuitry: Insights from Neuroscience Author: Amani Alfdool Editor: Aseel Qandil Reviewer: Ethar Hazaimeh Keywords: Limbic system, Amygdala, Fear, Reward, Emotions Abbreviations: PFC (Prefrontal Cortex), VTA (Ventral Tegmental Area), BNST (Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis), DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation),...

Article Topic: Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) Author: Jana Warde Editor: Odette El Ghawi, Joseph Akiki Reviewer: Ethar Hazaimeh Keywords: Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, Pantothenate Kinase 2, Eye-of-the-Tiger sign, globus pallidus, basal ganglia Abbreviations: Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN), Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), T2-weighted MRI...

Topic: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) Author: Udi Alkhazaleh Editor: Abdel Rahman Bani Yassin, Ihda Bani Khalaf Reviewer: Ethar Hazaimeh Keywords: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Parasomnias, Neurodegeneration, Parkinsonism, α-synuclein neurodegeneration   Overview Parasomnias are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal movements, behavior, emotions, and/or...